Testing Guzzle Clients¶
Guzzle provides several tools that will enable you to easily mock the HTTP layer without needing to send requests over the internet.
- Mock subscriber
- Mock handler
- Node.js web server for integration testing
Mock Subscriber¶
When testing HTTP clients, you often need to simulate specific scenarios like returning a successful response, returning an error, or returning specific responses in a certain order. Because unit tests need to be predictable, easy to bootstrap, and fast, hitting an actual remote API is a test smell.
Guzzle provides a mock subscriber that can be attached to clients or requests that allows you to queue up a list of responses to use rather than hitting a remote API.
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Subscriber\Mock;
use GuzzleHttp\Message\Response;
$client = new Client();
// Create a mock subscriber and queue two responses.
$mock = new Mock([
new Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'Bar']), // Use response object
"HTTP/1.1 202 OK\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n" // Use a response string
]);
// Add the mock subscriber to the client.
$client->getEmitter()->attach($mock);
// The first request is intercepted with the first response.
echo $client->get('/')->getStatusCode();
//> 200
// The second request is intercepted with the second response.
echo $client->get('/')->getStatusCode();
//> 202
When no more responses are in the queue and a request is sent, an
OutOfBoundsException
is thrown.
History Subscriber¶
When using things like the Mock
subscriber, you often need to know if the
requests you expected to send were sent exactly as you intended. While the mock
subscriber responds with mocked responses, the GuzzleHttp\Subscriber\History
subscriber maintains a history of the requests that were sent by a client.
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Subscriber\History;
$client = new Client();
$history = new History();
// Add the history subscriber to the client.
$client->getEmitter()->attach($history);
$client->get('http://httpbin.org/get');
$client->head('http://httpbin.org/get');
// Count the number of transactions
echo count($history);
//> 2
// Get the last request
$lastRequest = $history->getLastRequest();
// Get the last response
$lastResponse = $history->getLastResponse();
// Iterate over the transactions that were sent
foreach ($history as $transaction) {
echo $transaction['request']->getMethod();
//> GET, HEAD
echo $transaction['response']->getStatusCode();
//> 200, 200
}
The history subscriber can also be printed, revealing the requests and responses that were sent as a string, in order.
echo $history;
> GET /get HTTP/1.1
Host: httpbin.org
User-Agent: Guzzle/4.0-dev curl/7.21.4 PHP/5.5.8
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2014 03:53:27 GMT
Server: gunicorn/0.17.4
Content-Length: 270
Connection: keep-alive
{
"headers": {
"Connection": "close",
"X-Request-Id": "3d0f7d5c-c937-4394-8248-2b8e03fcccdb",
"User-Agent": "Guzzle/4.0-dev curl/7.21.4 PHP/5.5.8",
"Host": "httpbin.org"
},
"origin": "76.104.247.1",
"args": {},
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}
> HEAD /get HTTP/1.1
Host: httpbin.org
User-Agent: Guzzle/4.0-dev curl/7.21.4 PHP/5.5.8
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-length: 270
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2014 03:53:27 GMT
Server: gunicorn/0.17.4
Connection: keep-alive
Mock Adapter¶
In addition to using the Mock subscriber, you can use the
GuzzleHttp\Ring\Client\MockHandler
as the handler of a client to return the
same response over and over or return the result of a callable function.
Test Web Server¶
Using mock responses is almost always enough when testing a web service client. When implementing custom HTTP handlers, you’ll need to send actual HTTP requests in order to sufficiently test the handler. However, a best practice is to contact a local web server rather than a server over the internet.
- Tests are more reliable
- Tests do not require a network connection
- Tests have no external dependencies
Using the test server¶
Warning
The following functionality is provided to help developers of Guzzle
develop HTTP handlers. There is no promise of backwards compatibility
when it comes to the node.js test server or the GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server
class. If you are using the test server or Server
class outside of
guzzlehttp/guzzle, then you will need to configure autoloading and
ensure the web server is started manually.
Hint
You almost never need to use this test web server. You should only ever consider using it when developing HTTP handlers. The test web server is not necessary for mocking requests. For that, please use the Mock subcribers and History subscriber.
Guzzle ships with a node.js test server that receives requests and returns responses from a queue. The test server exposes a simple API that is used to enqueue responses and inspect the requests that it has received.
Any operation on the Server
object will ensure that
the server is running and wait until it is able to receive requests before
returning.
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server;
// Start the server and queue a response
Server::enqueue("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\Content-Length: 0r\n\r\n");
$client = new Client(['base_url' => Server::$url]);
echo $client->get('/foo')->getStatusCode();
// 200
GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server
provides a static interface to the test server. You
can queue an HTTP response or an array of responses by calling
Server::enqueue()
. This method accepts a string representing an HTTP
response message, a GuzzleHttp\Message\ResponseInterface
, or an array of
HTTP message strings / GuzzleHttp\Message\ResponseInterface
objects.
// Queue single response
Server::enqueue("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\Content-Length: 0r\n\r\n");
// Clear the queue and queue an array of responses
Server::enqueue([
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\Content-Length: 0r\n\r\n",
"HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\Content-Length: 0r\n\r\n"
]);
When a response is queued on the test server, the test server will remove any previously queued responses. As the server receives requests, queued responses are dequeued and returned to the request. When the queue is empty, the server will return a 500 response.
You can inspect the requests that the server has retrieved by calling
Server::received()
. This method accepts an optional $hydrate
parameter
that specifies if you are retrieving an array of HTTP requests as strings or an
array of GuzzleHttp\Message\RequestInterface
objects.
foreach (Server::received() as $response) {
echo $response;
}
You can clear the list of received requests from the web server using the
Server::flush()
method.
Server::flush();
echo count(Server::received());
// 0